What causes acne?

woman with acne covering half her face - What causes acne?

What is acne?

Acne is a skin disorder that happens when hair follicles get clogged with oil and dead skin cells. This can result in different types of pimples:

  • Whiteheads (closed plugged pores)
  • Blackheads (oxidized skin cells in open plugged pores)
  • papules (small, flesh-colored or red bumps caused by inflammation)
  • Pustules (papules with pus at the tip made up of dead skin cells, oil, and bacteria)
  • Cysts (large painful, lumps filled with pus and other fluids under the skin that may require medical attention)
  • Nodules (large, painful lumps under the skin caused by inflammation)
Types of acne

While acne is most prevalent among teenagers, it can affect individuals of any age. Acne typically appears on the face, forehead, chest, upper back, and shoulders because these areas of skin have the most oil (sebaceous) glands.

Acne is a symptom of a damaged skin barrier.

What causes acne?

According to Mayo Clinic, four main factors cause acne1:

  • bacteria
  • inflammation
  • excess oil (sebum) production
  • hair follicles clogged by oil and dead skin cells

Other factors can contribute to breakouts:

  • stress
  • genetics
  • medication
  • irritating clothing
  • hormonal changes or disorders
  • comedogenic personal care products
1 mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/symptoms-causes/syc-20368047

How can acne be managed?

Acne is a symptom alerting us the skin barrier has been compromised. There are so many things that can contribute to acne, that it takes some detective work to identify what we need to change. Repairing the skin barrier is more involved than just finding a good cleanser or applying some acne treatment to dry out blemishes (which I actually don’t recommend).

If you keep reading the articles in this section of the blog, you’ll begin to get an idea of what adjustments you might need to make to achieve clearer, healthier skin. It will take a little thought about how the skin works and how to support healthy skin, but the journey will be worth it!

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